Alpern M, Kitahara K
J Physiol. 1983 May;338:627-49. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014693.
Field sensitivities of the three IIj (j = 3, 4, 5) mechanisms of Stiles were measured for monochromatic backgrounds of different wave numbers (mu)-1 traversing the eye through different points (r) displaced along a horizontal chord through the centre of the entrance pupil. Each mechanism shows an insensitivity to the direction of retinal incidence of short-wave backgrounds not previously described. The spectral densities of the centre-most part of the lens and of the macular pigment were measured on this eye. With reasonable assumptions the former allowed for correction at the receptor level of the directional sensitivity; together with the latter it allowed correction for the spectral sensitivity as well. No correction for the attenuation of the high spatial frequencies of the background as it traversed the pupil at different r was needed. The anomalies of section 2 (above) disappear after correction for losses in the eye media. After these corrections, for every mu and r, the results are well described by the parabola 'tentatively' suggested by Stiles (1939) for each mechanism, allowing only a small amount of variance attributable to experimental imprecision alone. Each mechanism is most sensitive to backgrounds going through essentially the same point of the pupil, independent of background. This result is inconsistent with a qualitative explanation of the 'hue shift' suggested by Safir, Hyams & Philpot (1971). The field sensitivity spectra for backgrounds traversing the pupil at this most effective point and at the 3.5 mm margin, are the data needed to predict this observer's brightness and colour matches of monochromatic lights passing through the entrance pupil at these two points according to a unified theory of the two Stiles-Crawford effects. In the following paper these predictions are quantified and confronted with results of the matching experiments (Alpern, Kitahara & Tamaki, 1982).
针对不同波数（μ）⁻¹的单色背景，测量了斯泰尔斯的三种IIj（j = 3、4、5）机制的场敏感度，这些背景光通过沿穿过入瞳中心的水平弦位移的不同点（r）穿过眼睛。每种机制对短波背景的视网膜入射方向均表现出一种此前未描述过的不敏感性。在这只眼睛上测量了晶状体最中央部分和黄斑色素的光谱密度。在合理假设下，前者可用于在受体水平校正方向敏感度；二者结合还可校正光谱敏感度。对于背景光在不同r处穿过瞳孔时高空间频率的衰减无需进行校正。对眼内介质中的损失进行校正后，上述第2节中的异常情况消失。经过这些校正后，对于每一个μ和r，结果都能很好地用斯泰尔斯（1939年）“初步”提出的每种机制的抛物线来描述，仅存在少量归因于实验不精确性的方差。每种机制对基本上穿过瞳孔同一点的背景最敏感，与背景无关。这一结果与萨菲尔、海姆斯和菲尔波特（1971年）提出的“色调偏移”的定性解释不一致。根据两种斯泰尔斯 - 克劳福德效应的统一理论，预测该观察者对穿过入瞳这两个点的单色光的亮度和颜色匹配所需的数据，是背景光在这个最有效点和3.�毫米边缘处穿过瞳孔时的场敏感度光谱。在接下来的论文中，将对这些预测进行量化，并与匹配实验（阿尔珀恩、北原和玉置，1982年）的结果进行对比。
