Cohen G, Faulkner D
Br J Psychol. 1983 May;74(Pt 2):239-51. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01860.x.
A series of experiments compared contextual facilitation of word recognition in old (63-80) and young (19-34) subjects. Visual word recognition was examined in a lexical decision task. Sentence contexts or no context preceded words or non-words. Both groups responded faster when context was supplied. For high predictability words, there was no age difference in the magnitude of the contextual facilitation effect. For low predictability words and non-words, the old showed greater contextual facilitation than the young. Auditory word recognition was tested with target words spoken with or without sentence context in a background of white noise. Old subjects, again, showed superior contextual facilitation. It was concluded that old people compensate for deterioration in stimulus quality by more effective use of contextual information.
一系列实验比较了老年（63 - 80岁）和年轻（19 - 34岁）受试者在单词识别中的语境促进作用。在词汇判断任务中检测视觉单词识别。在单词或非单词之前呈现句子语境或无语境。当提供语境时，两组的反应都更快。对于高可预测性单词，语境促进效应的大小没有年龄差异。对于低可预测性单词和非单词，老年人比年轻人表现出更大的语境促进作用。在白噪声背景下，对有或没有句子语境的目标单词进行听觉单词识别测试。老年人再次表现出更强的语境促进作用。研究得出结论，老年人通过更有效地利用语境信息来弥补刺激质量的下降。
