Stunkard A J
Int J Obes. 1983;7(3):201-20.
Long-standing beliefs about the ill-effects of mild to moderate obesity have been called into question by recent epidemiological studies and by critical review of older studies. A review of these studies reveals that the effects of obesity on health and longevity is more complex than we had realized. An attempt is made to throw light on this relationship by reviewing the large number of laboratory studies on nutrition, aging and obesity. The first series of such studies showed that restriction of food intake, beginning early in life, greatly increased longevity. A second series of studies revealed that longevity could still be extended even if restriction of food intake did not occur until maturity. The third series of studies showed that dietary constituents as well as total calories influenced longevity. High-fat diets produce obesity and a shortened life span and there are significant differences in the effects of other dietary constituents at different times in the life cycle. The fourth series of studies, on dietary self-selection. are beginning to elucidate the role of food preferences in determining both obesity and longevity. Potential mechanisms of action include both body weight and immunological processes.
近期的流行病学研究以及对以往研究的批判性回顾，对长期以来认为轻度至中度肥胖有害的观点提出了质疑。对这些研究的综述表明，肥胖对健康和寿命的影响比我们所意识到的更为复杂。本文试图通过回顾大量关于营养、衰老和肥胖的实验室研究，来阐明这种关系。首批此类研究表明，从生命早期开始限制食物摄入量可显著延长寿命。第二批研究表明，即使直到成年才开始限制食物摄入量，寿命仍可延长。第三批研究表明，饮食成分以及总热量都会影响寿命。高脂肪饮食会导致肥胖并缩短寿命，而且在生命周期的不同阶段，其他饮食成分的影响存在显著差异。第四批关于饮食自我选择的研究，开始阐明食物偏好对肥胖和寿命的影响。潜在的作用机制包括体重和免疫过程。
