Higgins K, Sherman M
J Clin Psychol. 1978 Jul;34(3):624-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<624::aid-jclp2270340308>3.0.co;2-l.
Administered the Bannister-Fransella Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder to 40 male schizophrenics. Half of them received a monetary reward for their performance, and half did not. The efficacy of this motivation-enhancing manipulation was verified by the fact that the group that was working for the money completed a card sorting task significantly faster than the group that received no compensation. However, the former group also exhibited more thought disorder on the grid test. The results were interpreted in terms of drive theory. It was argued that the rewarded group was more motivated and therefore more highly aroused and that this high arousal level disrupted performance on the more complex task. The findings do not support the hypothesis that lack of motivation contributes to schizophrenic cognitive deficit.
对40名男性精神分裂症患者进行了班尼斯特 - 弗兰塞拉精神分裂症思维障碍网格测试。其中一半患者因测试表现获得金钱奖励，另一半则没有。这种增强动机的操作的有效性通过以下事实得到验证：为钱而做测试的那组患者完成卡片分类任务的速度明显快于未获得报酬的那组。然而，前一组在网格测试中也表现出更多的思维障碍。研究结果依据驱力理论进行了解释。有人认为，获得奖励的那组更有动力，因此兴奋程度更高，而这种高兴奋水平干扰了在更复杂任务上的表现。这些发现不支持缺乏动机导致精神分裂症认知缺陷这一假设。
