Till T S
Nurs Res. 1980 Sep-Oct;29(5):295-300.
Ninety-two female nursing students, 56 at entry (ENTL) to and 36 at exit (EXTL) from the baccalaureate program, participated in an investigation of the relationship between sex-role identity and image of nursing. Bem's Sex Role Inventory, which allows subjects to receive both masculinity and femininity scores, was used to categorize subjects as masculine, androgynous, feminine, or undifferentiated. Frank's Image of Nursing Questionnaire was used to evaluate subjects' image of nursing. Study purposes were to: compare the sex-role identity of nursing students and general college females, compare the image of nursing held by nursing students with the image advanced by the profession, determine the relationship between sex-role categorization and image of nursing, and determine the relationship between level of endorsement of masculine and feminine characteristics and image of nursing. Analyses indicated: a significant (p < .05) difference in sex-role identity based on categorization between the total nurse sample and general college females, EXTL students endorsed more masculine characteristics than ENTL students (p < .003), EXTL students endorsed more feminine characteristics than general college females (p < .001), ENTL and EXTL students and Frank's judges held significantly different images of nursing (p < .01 for all comparisons), and significant correlations between the image of nursing and level of endorsement of masculine characteristics, not masculine role identity, for EXTL (p < .002) and total nurse (p < .001) samples.
92名女性护理专业学生参与了一项关于性别角色认同与护理形象之间关系的调查，其中56名是本科课程入学时（ENTL）的学生，36名是本科课程毕业时（EXTL）的学生。采用贝姆性别角色量表对受试者进行分类，该量表可以让受试者同时获得男性化和女性化得分，分类结果包括男性化、双性化、女性化或未分化。使用弗兰克护理形象问卷来评估受试者的护理形象。研究目的是：比较护理专业学生与普通高校女生的性别角色认同；比较护理专业学生所持有的护理形象与该专业所倡导的形象；确定性别角色分类与护理形象之间的关系；确定对男性化和女性化特征的认同程度与护理形象之间的关系。分析结果表明：在护士总样本和普通高校女生之间，基于分类的性别角色认同存在显著差异（p < 0.05）；EXTL学生比ENTL学生更认同男性化特征（p < 0.003）；EXTL学生比普通高校女生更认同女性化特征（p < 0.001）；ENTL和EXTL学生以及弗兰克的评判者对护理形象的看法存在显著差异（所有比较的p < 0.01）；对于EXTL样本（p < 0.002）和护士总样本（p < 0.001），护理形象与对男性化特征的认同程度之间存在显著相关性，而不是与男性角色认同存在显著相关性。
