Sparacino J, Ronchi D, Brenner M, Kuhn J W, Flesch A L
Nurs Res. 1982 May-Jun;31(3):143-9.
Recent studies by other investigators have shown that hypertensives are more hostile and anxious than normotensives. The first part of this study examined the relationship between blood pressure measured daily over a one-week period and responses to a series of questions specifically developed to distinguish hypertensives from normotensives. Responses from this sample of undergraduates did not distinguish those with high blood pressure from those with normal values. Mean resting blood pressure was related to hostility and anxiety factor scores among males but not among females. Our second study used a sample of municipal employees and examined blood pressure as a function of comparable anxiety and hostility scores as well as a trait measure of overall "engagement-involvement." More highly engaged workers were no different in anxiety or hostility than less engaged workers. There was some evidence of more variable blood pressure for the former group. It is suggested that stable personality traits such as hostility and anxiety may both precede and follow the diagnosis of blood pressure. For nurses it is important to assess the patient's general psychological profile as well as his of her emotional state at the time of measurement. Repeated blood pressure readings are recommended especially for highly engaged individuals.
其他研究人员最近的研究表明，高血压患者比血压正常者更具敌意和焦虑。本研究的第一部分考察了在一周时间内每日测量的血压与对一系列专门设计用于区分高血压患者和血压正常者的问题的回答之间的关系。来自这一样本的大学生的回答未能区分出高血压患者和血压正常者。静息血压均值与男性的敌意和焦虑因子得分相关，但与女性无关。我们的第二项研究以市政雇员为样本，考察了血压作为可比焦虑和敌意得分以及总体“投入参与度”特质测量指标的函数情况。参与度较高的员工在焦虑或敌意方面与参与度较低的员工并无差异。有证据表明前一组的血压变化更大。有人提出，诸如敌意和焦虑等稳定的人格特质可能在血压诊断之前和之后都会出现。对于护士来说，重要的是在测量时评估患者的总体心理状况以及其情绪状态。建议对参与度较高的个体尤其要进行多次血压读数测量。
