Craven N, Anderson J C
Res Vet Sci. 1981 Nov;31(3):295-300.
Cloxacillin effectively killed Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental acute mastitis in the mouse, but was ineffective in reducing bacterial counts in those with experimental chronic mastitis. Rifampicin was similarly bactericidal for staphylococci in vitro and in acute mastitis but it also significantly reduced numbers of viable bacteria in chronic mastitis. Exposure of multiplying staphylococci in vitro and in vivo to rifampicin alone led to the emergence of resistant bacteria, but this was prevented by the use of a combination of rifampicin with cloxacillin. This combination showed neither antagonism nor synergy in vitro, was more effective than either antibiotic alone in acute mastitis and killed S aureus in the chronic infection as effectively as rifampicin alone.
氯唑西林在体外以及小鼠实验性急性乳腺炎中能有效杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌，但在降低实验性慢性乳腺炎患者的细菌数量方面无效。利福平在体外和急性乳腺炎中对葡萄球菌同样具有杀菌作用，而且它还能显著减少慢性乳腺炎中活菌的数量。体外和体内繁殖的葡萄球菌单独接触利福平会导致耐药菌的出现，但联合使用利福平和氯唑西林可防止这种情况发生。这种联合用药在体外既无拮抗作用也无协同作用，在急性乳腺炎中比单独使用任何一种抗生素都更有效，并且在慢性感染中杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌的效果与单独使用利福平一样有效。
