Berger M
Ciba Found Symp. 1982;89:176-90. doi: 10.1002/9780470720714.ch11.
This paper identifies a number of problems that emerge in our attempts to trace a developmental linkage between early-appearing individual differences in temperament and later personality. It is suggested that the major problem is that of inadequate theory, from which it follows that there will be problems of definition and methodology. Attention is also drawn to difficulties associated with the concept of 'development'. Certain early-appearing individual difference are identified, for which there is accumulating evidence of a genetic or constitutional basis. Further, these appear to show some stability and are accorded an important role in a number of theories, especially that of Eysenck. It is suggested that his approach, despite its many limitations, is worth further exploration.
本文指出了在我们试图探寻气质方面早期出现的个体差异与后期人格之间的发展联系时出现的一些问题。研究表明，主要问题在于理论不足，由此会产生定义和方法论方面的问题。同时也提请注意与“发展”概念相关的困难。确定了某些早期出现的个体差异，有越来越多的证据表明其具有遗传或体质基础。此外，这些差异似乎表现出一定的稳定性，并且在许多理论中，尤其是艾森克的理论中，被赋予了重要作用。研究认为，尽管他的方法存在诸多局限性，但仍值得进一步探索。
