Revis N W, Zinsmeister A R, Bull R
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6494-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6494.
In epidemiological studies, both positive and negative correlations have been found between cardiovascular disease and mortality and the presence of several inorganic ions in the drinking water. In an attempt to resolve this apparent disagreement, we exposed White Carneau pigeons to drinking water containing calcium (100 ppm), magnesium (30 ppm), lead (0.8 ppm), or cadmium (0.6 ppm) and used a 2(4)-factorial design to measure the effects of these elements in atherosclerosis and hypertension. The results indicate that (i) lead and cadmium induced aortic atherosclerosis and hypertension, and (ii) calcium protects against the cardiovascular effects of cadmium. Furthermore, the effects of lead and cadmium were promoted by magnesium, and there were indications that magnesium antagonized the atherosclerotic protective effect of calcium. We suggest that, if these results with the pigeon can be applied to humans, the incidence of aortic atherosclerosis and hypertension should be significantly higher in areas where the drinking water contains magnesium, lead, and cadmium with a relatively low calcium concentration. Furthermore, if hard and soft water produce similar levels of lead and cadmium uptakes, the level of magnesium may be an additional factor in aortic atherosclerosis.
在流行病学研究中，已发现心血管疾病及死亡率与饮用水中几种无机离子的存在之间存在正相关和负相关。为了试图解决这一明显的分歧，我们让白卡诺鸽饮用含有钙（100 ppm）、镁（30 ppm）、铅（0.8 ppm）或镉（0.6 ppm）的水，并采用2（4）析因设计来测量这些元素对动脉粥样硬化和高血压的影响。结果表明：（i）铅和镉会引发主动脉粥样硬化和高血压，且（ii）钙可预防镉对心血管系统的影响。此外，镁会增强铅和镉的影响，并且有迹象表明镁会拮抗钙的抗动脉粥样硬化保护作用。我们认为，如果鸽子身上的这些结果能够应用于人类，那么在饮用水中镁、铅和镉含量相对较高而钙含量相对较低的地区，主动脉粥样硬化和高血压的发病率应该会显著更高。此外，如果硬水和软水导致的铅和镉摄入量相似，那么镁的含量可能是主动脉粥样硬化的一个额外影响因素。
