Hinkle A L, King G D
Am J Community Psychol. 1978 Aug;6(4):389-97. doi: 10.1007/BF00885530.
A perennial problem for mental health planners is assessing community needs and existing services. The three most common methods used to obtain this data are the telephone survey, the mail-out questionnaire, and the face-to-face interview. However, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach in terms of sampling, response rates, and economic costs. The present study utilized all three methods to survey the same community population in order to determine the comparability of obtained data and relative efficacy of the methods. A standard 21-item questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic and epidemiological data. This included nine Likert-type items to obtain opionions on a typical question such as "To what extent would you have confidence in recommending the Mental Health Center to members of your immediate family?" In the first method, survey teams made door-to-door interviews to complete 449 questionnaires on a random sample. In the second method, 1,000 questionnaires were mailed to a random sample with returns requested. In the third method, 224 people were randomly selected from the telephone directory and asked to respond to the questionnaire over the phone. Precautions were taken in all methods to ensure confidentiality of responses. All respondents were classified according to a two-factor index based on occupation and education. The data were analyed to determine whether comparable data were obtained through divergent methods. Results are discussed and implications are given for community mental health planners.
对于心理健康规划者而言，一个长期存在的问题是评估社区需求和现有服务。用于获取此类数据的三种最常见方法是电话调查、邮寄问卷和面对面访谈。然而，就抽样、回复率和经济成本而言，每种方法都有其优缺点。本研究运用这三种方法对同一社区人群进行调查，以确定所获数据的可比性以及这些方法的相对有效性。设计了一份包含21个条目的标准问卷，以获取人口统计学和流行病学数据。其中包括9个李克特式条目，用于获取对诸如“你在多大程度上会有信心向你的直系亲属推荐心理健康中心？”这类典型问题的看法。在第一种方法中，调查团队挨家挨户进行访谈，以完成对449份随机样本问卷的调查。在第二种方法中，向随机抽取的1000个样本邮寄问卷，并要求回复。在第三种方法中，从电话簿中随机选取224人，并要求他们通过电话回复问卷。在所有方法中都采取了预防措施，以确保回复的保密性。所有受访者都根据基于职业和教育的双因素指数进行分类。对数据进行分析，以确定是否通过不同方法获得了可比数据。对结果进行了讨论，并为社区心理健康规划者提供了相关启示。
