Seclusion: uses and complications.

A total of 7.2% of the patients in a private psychiatric hospital were placed in seclusion during a one-year study. These 63 patients had a more frequent diagnosis of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, manic type, than a comparison group. Significant intergroup differences in age and length of hospitalization became insignificant when the seclusion patients under 20 were excluded. Although seclusion was often used to protect patients, others, and property, the most frequent reason was to maintain a therapeutic environment. This study pointed toward a staff tendency to see the "problem" of the patient's behavior as being solved by seclusion rather than viewing seclusion as an intensive care environment in which the patient's behavior and treatment could be morec arefully monitored.