Bartlett J G, Chang T W, Moon N, Onderdonk A B
Am J Vet Res. 1978 Sep;39(9):1525-30.
Clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters was studied, using a tissue culture assay to detect clostridial toxin. It was found that animals with lethal enterocolitis had a cytopathogenic substance in cecal contents and blood that was neutralized by clostridial antitoxins. Cultures of the cecal flora yielded numerous species of clostridia, but only 1 organism was detected which produced a toxin which was cytopathic in tissue culture. This organism, Clostridium difficile, was consistently present in high concentrations, and the cell-free supernate of these strains caused enterocolitis if injected intracecally into hamsters. Ten additional antimicrobials were tested ih hamsters. Ampicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporins, and oral gentamicin caused lethal enterocolitis in most recipients, and all animals which died had evidence of clostridia toxin in cecal contents at necropsy. Tetracycline and metronidazole were well tolerated, and the animals given these antimicrobials had no evidence of the toxin. We conclude that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for lethal enterocolitis due to a variety of antimicrobials in hamsters.
利用组织培养试验检测梭菌毒素，对仓鼠中由克林霉素引起的小肠结肠炎进行了研究。结果发现，患有致死性小肠结肠炎的动物，其盲肠内容物和血液中有一种细胞致病物质，该物质可被梭菌抗毒素中和。盲肠菌群培养物产生了多种梭菌，但仅检测到1种产生的毒素在组织培养中具有细胞致病性的微生物。这种微生物，即艰难梭菌，始终以高浓度存在，并且这些菌株的无细胞上清液如果经盲肠内注射到仓鼠体内会引起小肠结肠炎。另外对10种抗菌药物在仓鼠中进行了测试。氨苄青霉素、万古霉素、红霉素、头孢菌素和口服庆大霉素在大多数受试动物中引起致死性小肠结肠炎，并且所有死亡动物在尸检时盲肠内容物中均有梭菌毒素的证据。四环素和甲硝唑耐受性良好，给予这些抗菌药物的动物没有毒素的证据。我们得出结论，产毒素梭菌是仓鼠中由多种抗菌药物引起的致死性小肠结肠炎的病因。
