Smellie J M, Grüneberg R N, Bantock H M, Katz G
Chemotherapy. 1982;28(3):218-23. doi: 10.1159/000238080.
9 children presenting with an ampicillin-sensitive coliform urinary tract infection were treated with talampicillin using 1 week of full-dose treatment followed by low-dose prophylaxis. The bowel coliforms were ampicillin-resistant at the start in one girl and became resistant in the remaining 8 within 4 months. During a total of 44 months of talampicillin therapy, 6 girls (2 with vesico-ureteric reflux) developed a symptomatic re-infection of the urinary tract, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.3 months, or 1.6 recurrences per annum. A further 12 girls were given prophylactic talampicillin, 9 after an initial therapeutic course of co-trimoxazole for 1 week and 3 following a period of prophylaxis with low-dose co-trimoxazole. The rectal swab from one girl showed partial ampicillin resistance but 9 of the remaining 11 showed that a predominance of ampicillin-resistance coliforms had emerged in the bowel flora within 4 months. 5 of the 12 also developed a symptomatic ampicillin-resistant urinary infection within 4 months, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.1 months or 1.7 recurrences per annum. Talampicillin, though very effective in treating urinary infection, is not recommended for the prevention of subsequent recurrence.
9名患有氨苄西林敏感型大肠埃希菌尿路感染的儿童接受了他美西林治疗，采用1周的全剂量治疗，随后进行低剂量预防。在治疗开始时，有一名女孩的肠道大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林耐药，其余8名女孩在4个月内也出现了耐药。在总共44个月的他美西林治疗期间，6名女孩（其中2名患有膀胱输尿管反流）出现了有症状的尿路感染再发，复发率为每7.3个月1次，即每年1.6次复发。另有12名女孩接受了他美西林预防性治疗，其中9名在最初接受了1周的复方新诺明治疗后开始预防性治疗，3名在接受了低剂量复方新诺明预防一段时间后开始预防性治疗。一名女孩的直肠拭子显示对氨苄西林部分耐药，但其余11名中的9名显示在4个月内肠道菌群中出现了以耐氨苄西林大肠埃希菌为主的情况。12名中的5名在4个月内也出现了有症状的耐氨苄西林尿路感染，复发率为每7.1个月1次，即每年1.7次复发。他美西林虽然在治疗尿路感染方面非常有效，但不建议用于预防后续复发。
