Fleming J P, Kellam S G, Brown C H
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1982 Aug;9(4):285-303. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(82)90068-0.
This paper is a report of the relationships between various measures of social adaptation to the first grade classroom and the age at which alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana were first used by teenagers who began elementary school in a poor black urban community on the South Side of Chicago. Prospective longitudinal community epidemiological data were collected periodically in first and third grades from consecutive total cohorts of children in the 1960s. The 1966-67 population (cohort 3) was followed up at age 16 or 17. This population of 705 children is reported on here regarding early predictors of their first use of these substances. There are three main findings: (1) boys tended to use all substances at an earlier age than girls; (2) students who performed better on first grade IQ and Readiness tests tended to initiate substance use at an earlier age; (3) girls (but not boys) who were rated by their first grade teachers as shy or having learning problems tended to initiate use at a later age. The relationships of these findings to our past investigations of paths leading to substance use are discussed.
本文报告了在芝加哥南区一个贫穷的黑人城市社区开始上小学的青少年，其社会适应一年级课堂的各种指标与首次使用酒精、香烟和大麻的年龄之间的关系。20世纪60年代，对连续入学的一、三年级学生总队列定期收集前瞻性纵向社区流行病学数据。对1966 - 1967年入学的人群（队列3）在16或17岁时进行了随访。本文报告了这705名儿童首次使用这些物质的早期预测因素。有三个主要发现：（1）男孩比女孩倾向于在更早的年龄使用所有物质；（2）在一年级智商和入学准备测试中表现较好的学生倾向于在更早的年龄开始使用物质；（3）被一年级教师评为害羞或有学习问题的女孩（但不是男孩）倾向于在较晚的年龄开始使用物质。本文还讨论了这些发现与我们过去对导致物质使用途径的调查之间的关系。
