Pittsburgh Youth Study, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 15213, PA.
J Youth Adolesc. 1991 Aug;20(4):399-413. doi: 10.1007/BF01537182.
The paper presents lifetime and six-month prevalence of substance use by 1st, 4th, and 7th graders (N=2573). Smoking and alcohol consumption was surprisingly high even for 1st graders. The use of developmentally more advanced substances, such as marijuana, was associated with the use of substances that typically emerge earlier, such as beer. Significantly more of the multiple substance users in the 1st and 4th grade were already engaged in a variety of conduct problems and delinquent acts than were either single users or nonusers. The findings show that substance use, even at Grades 1 and 4, is an indicator of boys who commit a wide variety of problem behaviors. For the 7th graders, the use of marijuana was especially associated with the commission of more serious delinquent acts. Multiple substance use reported by the 7th graders also signified a higher frequency and volume of use. The results of the study are related to a developmental conceptualization of conduct problems, delinquency and substance use.
本文呈现了一年级、四年级和七年级学生（N=2573）的终生和六个月物质使用流行率。即使是一年级学生，吸烟和饮酒的比例也高得惊人。使用发展程度更高的物质，如大麻，与通常更早出现的物质使用（如啤酒）有关。与单一物质使用者或非使用者相比，一年级和四年级的多重物质使用者中已经有更多的人参与了各种行为问题和犯罪行为。研究结果表明，即使在一年级和四年级，物质使用也是男孩表现出各种问题行为的一个指标。对于七年级学生来说，使用大麻尤其与更严重的犯罪行为有关。七年级学生报告的多重物质使用也表明使用的频率和量更高。该研究的结果与行为问题、犯罪和物质使用的发展概念化有关。
