Convertino V A, Brock P J, Keil L C, Bernauer E M, Greenleaf J E
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1980 Apr;48(4):665-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.4.665.
To investigate the time course and mechanism of the increase in blood volume (BV) during isotonic exercise training, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma volume (PV), osmotic, electrolyte, renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (AVP), and protein fractions were measured periodically in eight trained men 20-22 yr (Vo2max = 57 ml . min-1 . kg-1) before, during, and after ergometer exercise training (approximately 160 W, 65% Vo2max) for 2 h/day for 8 days. During training, plasma total osmolar and albumin contents increased to maintain a constant plasma osmolality and protein concentration during PV expansion. After training, BV increased by 457 ml (+8.1% P less than 0.05), due to an increase in PV of 427 ml (+12.1%, P less than 0.05); red cell volume was essentially constant (delta = +30 ml, NS). Plasma hypervolemia during training was associated with two major factors: 1) a ninefold elevation in PRA and AVP during exercise that facilitated Na+ and H2O retention, and 2) a progressive, chronic increase in plasma albumin content that provided increased H2O-binding capacity for the blood. Thus an efficient procedure for increasing PV is the daily performance of high-intensity isotonic leg exercise (65% Vo2max) for 2 h/day.
为了研究等张运动训练期间血容量（BV）增加的时间进程和机制，对8名20 - 22岁（最大摄氧量 = 57 ml·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹）的训练有素的男性，在测力计运动训练前、训练期间和训练后（约160 W，65%最大摄氧量），每天训练2小时，共训练8天，定期测量血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血浆容量（PV）、渗透压、电解质、肾素活性（PRA）、血管加压素（AVP）和蛋白质组分。在训练期间，血浆总渗透压和白蛋白含量增加，以在PV扩张期间维持恒定的血浆渗透压和蛋白质浓度。训练后，BV增加了457 ml（+8.1%，P < 0.05），这是由于PV增加了427 ml（+12.1%，P < 0.05）；红细胞体积基本保持不变（变化量 = +30 ml，无统计学意义）。训练期间的血浆高血容量与两个主要因素有关：1）运动期间PRA和AVP升高9倍，促进了Na⁺和H₂O的潴留；2）血浆白蛋白含量逐渐慢性增加，为血液提供了增加的H₂O结合能力。因此，增加PV的有效方法是每天进行2小时的高强度等张腿部运动（65%最大摄氧量）。
