Convertino V A, Keil L C, Bernauer E M, Greenleaf J E
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Jan;50(1):123-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.1.123.
Plasma volume (PV), renin activity (PRA), and osmotic (Osm), sodium (Na+), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were measured in venous blood samples taken before and after three levels of cycle ergometer exercise (100, 175, and 225 W) in 15 young male volunteers. Plasma volume and solute concentrations changed significantly (P less than 0.05, denoted by ) with work intensity. The % delta PV was -3.7% at 100 W, -8.8%* at 175 W, and -12.4%* at 225 W. Plasma Na+ concentration, Osm, and AVP increase were curvilinear with graded exercise and were significant only when work intensity exceeded 40% VO2max. PRA increase was linear and significant at all work levels. The % delta PV was significantly correlated with delta Osm (r = 0.99*) and delta Na+ (r = 0.89*) but had low correlations with delta AVP (r = 0.22, NS) and delta PRA (r = 0.12, NS). However, delta AVP was significantly correlated with delta Na+ (r = 0.86*) and delta Osm (r = 0.83*), whereas delta PRA had low correlations with delta Na+ (r = 0.33, NS), delta Osm (r = 0.29, NS), and delta AVP (r = 0.43, NS). The data support the hypothesis that a) with exercise, AVP release is a primary factor for fluid and electrolyte regulation as it is highly correlated with the plasma hyperosmolality produced by a net hypotonic plasma efflux; b) an exercise intensity greater than 40% VO2max is required to change plasma osmolality and, thus, stimulate significant AVP release; and c) the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system is a more general stress response, which responds to increasing sympathetic nervous activity.
在15名年轻男性志愿者进行三种强度（100、175和225瓦）的自行车测力计运动前后，采集静脉血样，测量血浆容量（PV）、肾素活性（PRA）以及渗透压（Osm）、钠（Na+）和精氨酸加压素（AVP）浓度。血浆容量和溶质浓度随工作强度显著变化（P<0.05，用表示）。100瓦时PV的变化百分比为-3.7%，175瓦时为-8.8%，225瓦时为-12.4%。血浆Na+浓度、Osm和AVP的增加与分级运动呈曲线关系，且仅在工作强度超过40%最大摄氧量时才显著。PRA的增加呈线性，在所有工作水平下均显著。PV的变化百分比与Osm变化（r = 0.99*）和Na+变化（r = 0.89*）显著相关，但与AVP变化（r = 0.22，无显著性差异）和PRA变化（r = 0.12，无显著性差异）相关性较低。然而，AVP变化与Na+变化（r = 0.86*）和Osm变化（r = 0.83*）显著相关，而PRA变化与Na+变化（r = 0.33，无显著性差异）、Osm变化（r = 0.29，无显著性差异）和AVP变化（r = 0.43，无显著性差异）相关性较低。这些数据支持以下假设：a）运动时，AVP释放是液体和电解质调节的主要因素，因为它与低渗性血浆净流出产生的血浆高渗密切相关；b）需要大于40%最大摄氧量的运动强度才能改变血浆渗透压，从而刺激显著的AVP释放；c）肾素-血管紧张素系统的刺激是一种更普遍的应激反应，它对交感神经活动增加做出反应。
