Rudneva S N, Stoliarova L G, Ershov A A, Pantiukhova V V
Antibiotiki. 1980 Jun;25(6):429-32.
Drug resistance of 186 E. coli strains isolated in 1977-1978 from patients and carriers, as well as from the environment was studied with respect to 8 widely used antimicrobial drugs, i.e. tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and sulfanilamides. All of the strains were resistant to sulfanilamides, 39% of the strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 5.2% of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multiple resistance was observed in 60% of the isolates. II variants of various combinations of r-determinants were found. Strains resistant to 2 or 3 antibiotics and combinations of tetracycline + streptomycin and tetracycline + kanamycin + neomycin were most frequent. The number of the antibiotic resistant strains isolated from the humans and environment was 40.5 and 36.8% respectively. The multiple resistance spectra of the strains isolated from the humans were more variable. No transmissive r-determinants were found in the strains resistant to one antibiotic. However 85% of polyresistant E. coli carried conjugative R plasmids. Transmission of the determinants of resistance to ampicillin (90%), streptomycin (80%), chloramphenicol (71.4%), neomycin and kanamycin (55.5%) was most frequent, while the determinants of resistance to tetracycline (37%) were least frequent. The frequency of transmissive R plasmids in the strains isolated from the humans was higher than that in the strains isolated from the environment. It was shown that most of the conjugative plasmids were of fi- character.
对1977 - 1978年从患者、携带者以及环境中分离出的186株大肠杆菌，针对8种广泛使用的抗菌药物，即四环素、链霉素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、新霉素、卡那霉素、萘啶酸和磺胺类药物，研究了其耐药性。所有菌株均对磺胺类药物耐药，39%的菌株对至少一种抗生素耐药，5.2%的菌株对萘啶酸耐药。在60%的分离株中观察到多重耐药性。发现了r - 决定簇各种组合的II型变体。对2种或3种抗生素耐药的菌株以及四环素 + 链霉素和四环素 + 卡那霉素 + 新霉素的组合最为常见。从人类和环境中分离出的抗生素耐药菌株数量分别为40.5%和36.8%。从人类分离出的菌株的多重耐药谱更具变异性。在对一种抗生素耐药的菌株中未发现可传递的r - 决定簇。然而，85%的多重耐药大肠杆菌携带接合性R质粒。对氨苄青霉素（90%）、链霉素（80%）、氯霉素（71.4%）、新霉素和卡那霉素（55.5%）耐药决定簇的传递最为频繁，而对四环素耐药决定簇的传递（37%）最少。从人类分离出的菌株中可传递R质粒的频率高于从环境中分离出的菌株。结果表明，大多数接合性质粒具有fi - 特性。
