Rolls B J, Wood R J, Rolls E T, Lind H, Lind W, Ledingham J G
Am J Physiol. 1980 Nov;239(5):R476-82. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1980.239.5.R476.
The effect of 24-h water deprivation and subsequent drinking on systemic fluid balance and subjective sensations has been determined in human beings. The deprivation caused significant intracellular and extracellular depletions, thirst, and a dry unpleasant tasting mouth. During rehydration, subjects drank 65% of their total intake within 2.5 min. The marked decrease in drinking rate thereafter, and the alleviation of thirst, occurred before plasma dilution had become significant. This attenuation of drinking was subjectively attributed to stomach fullness. Presystemic factors may therefore be important for drinking termination in humans. Within 20 min systemic deficits were removed, but intermittent drinking continued at a low rate, reportedly to alleviate unpleasant oral sensations, Following rehydration, the concentrated urine of hydropenia had disappeared. However, the excretion of solute-free water varied between subjects. Plasma renin activity was significantly elevated by water deprivation, while after rehydration this activity had decreased to levels not significantly different from predeprivation values.
在人类身上已经确定了24小时禁水及随后饮水对全身水平衡和主观感觉的影响。禁水导致细胞内和细胞外显著脱水、口渴以及口腔干燥且味道不佳。在补液期间，受试者在2.5分钟内喝下了总摄入量的65%。此后饮水速率显著下降，并且在血浆稀释变得显著之前口渴就得到了缓解。这种饮水减少主观上归因于胃部饱胀感。因此，全身循环前的因素对于人类停止饮水可能很重要。在20分钟内全身的缺水状况得到了纠正，但间歇性饮水仍以低速率持续，据报道这是为了缓解口腔的不适感觉。补液后，缺水状态下的浓缩尿消失了。然而，无溶质水的排泄在受试者之间存在差异。禁水使血浆肾素活性显著升高，而补液后该活性已降至与禁水前值无显著差异的水平。
