Sinclair W K
Radiology. 1981 Jan;138(1):1-9. doi: 10.1148/radiology.138.1.7005937.
At low doses of radiation to the whole body, the dose-effect relationship for human must usually be determined by extrapolation from human data at high doses. Reasons for above-linear, linear, or below-linear extrapolation from high doses to low doses are discussed. The linear extrapolation is most common, and probably leads to conservative estimates of risk. Risks from other carcinogens may be compared directly with radiation risk by using cancer incidence as the end point. However, lifeshortening is a more useful index of comparison in many other circumstances, and can be used to compare the time lost due to radiation-induced cancer with that due to accidental deaths and other lost industrial time. Risks for radiation workers exposed at current average occupational dose levels are shown to be comparable with those from other safe industries. Questions of acceptability and public perception of risk are briefly discussed.
在对全身进行低剂量辐射时，人类的剂量效应关系通常必须通过从高剂量的人体数据进行外推来确定。讨论了从高剂量到低剂量进行超线性、线性或亚线性外推的原因。线性外推最为常见，并且可能导致对风险的保守估计。通过将癌症发病率作为终点，可以直接将其他致癌物的风险与辐射风险进行比较。然而，在许多其他情况下，缩短寿命是一个更有用的比较指标，可用于比较因辐射诱发癌症而损失的时间与因意外死亡和其他工业时间损失而损失的时间。结果表明，当前平均职业剂量水平下受照的辐射工作人员的风险与其他安全行业的风险相当。简要讨论了风险的可接受性和公众认知问题。
