Van Voris L P, Betts R F, Hayden F G, Christmas W A, Douglas R G
JAMA. 1981 Mar 20;245(11):1128-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.245.11.1128.
Forty-five university students with proved influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1 infection were randomly treated with either amantadine hydrochloride (14 students), rimantadine hydrochloride (19 students), or placebo (12 students). By 48 hours after initiation of therapy, amantadine and rimantadine recipients had significantly less fever and greater improvement compared with subjects given the placebo. Minor reversible CNS side effects at the end of the five-day course of therapy were observed in one third of the amantadine-treated subjects. However, both amantadine and rimantadine recipients returned to classes earlier and shed smaller amounts of virus than placebo recipients. Thus, both drugs exerted a notable therapeutic effect. Hence, during an influenza outbreak, five days of empirical therapy with amantadine or rimantadine for persons with an influenza-like syndrome should ameliorate clinical symptoms and might decrease spread of virus.
45名确诊感染甲型流感病毒/苏联/77（H1N1）的大学生被随机分为三组，分别接受盐酸金刚烷胺治疗（14名学生）、盐酸金刚乙胺治疗（19名学生）或安慰剂治疗（12名学生）。治疗开始后48小时，接受金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺治疗的患者与接受安慰剂治疗的患者相比，发热症状明显减轻，病情改善更显著。在接受金刚烷胺治疗的患者中，三分之一在为期五天的治疗疗程结束时出现了轻微的、可逆的中枢神经系统副作用。然而，与接受安慰剂治疗的患者相比，接受金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺治疗的患者更早返回课堂，病毒排出量也更少。因此，两种药物都发挥了显著的治疗效果。因此，在流感暴发期间，对出现流感样综合征的患者进行为期五天的金刚烷胺或金刚乙胺经验性治疗，应可改善临床症状，并可能减少病毒传播。
