Frueh B R
Ophthalmology. 1980 Oct;87(10):1019-21. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35135-x.
The commonly used classifications for ptosis do not have a unifying concept, and this may contribute to confusion rather than clarification. Based on the mechanisms that cause ptosis, all cases can be classified into one or more of the following categories: (1) neurogenic; (2) myogenic; (3) aponeurotic; and (4) mechanical. While none of these mechanisms is original, this paper presents them together for the first time as an inclusive and helpful classification of ptosis. Before placing a patient in one or more of the four categories, a thorough history must be taken, an examination must be done, and appropriate laboratory tests must be performed. The thought processes then necessary to classify the ptosis should clarify not only the site of the defect but also the prognosis and range of procedures that may be used to correct the ptosis.
上睑下垂常用的分类方法没有统一的概念，这可能会造成混淆而非澄清问题。根据导致上睑下垂的机制，所有病例可分为以下一种或多种类型：(1) 神经源性；(2) 肌源性；(3) 腱膜性；(4) 机械性。虽然这些机制都不是首创的，但本文首次将它们作为一个全面且有用的上睑下垂分类方法呈现出来。在将患者归入这四类中的一种或多种之前，必须进行全面的病史采集、体格检查以及适当的实验室检查。对上睑下垂进行分类所需的思维过程不仅应明确缺陷部位，还应明确预后以及可用于矫正上睑下垂的手术范围。
