Ylikahri R H, Huttunen M O, Härkönen M
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980;13 Suppl 1:131-7. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(80)80021-9.
The endocrine effects of alcohol are briefly reviewed. Alcohol enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion and may thus cause reactive hypoglycemia. However, inappropriate insulin secretion is not the reason for alcohol-induced hypoglycemia in fasted subjects. The direct effects of alcohol in thyroid function in humans are small, although alcoholics often have low concentrations of thyroid hormones in their plasma because of liver damage. Alcohol increases cortisol secretion from adrenal cortex either by increasing ACTH secretion or, more probably, by directly stimulating the adrenals. Alcohol also increases aldosterone secretion. The production of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal medulla is increased during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. Plasma testosterone concentration is decreased during hangover and during alcohol withdrawal. The decrease is due to direct effects of alcohol on the testes, because plasma LH concentration is increased simultaneously. Alcohol has no significant effect on the LRH-induced secretion of LH. Plasma growth hormone concentration is decreased during alcohol intoxication and increased during hangover. TRH-induced secretion of prolactin is increased during alcohol intoxication and inhibited during hangover and withdrawal. The last finding suggests that there is dopaminergic overactivity in hypothalamus during alcohol withdrawal.
本文简要综述了酒精的内分泌效应。酒精可增强葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌，从而可能导致反应性低血糖。然而，胰岛素分泌不当并非空腹受试者酒精性低血糖的原因。酒精对人体甲状腺功能的直接影响较小，尽管酗酒者常因肝损伤导致血浆甲状腺激素浓度较低。酒精可通过增加促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌，或更可能是直接刺激肾上腺，来增加肾上腺皮质的皮质醇分泌。酒精还会增加醛固酮分泌。酒精中毒和戒断期间，肾上腺髓质的肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素生成增加。宿醉期间和酒精戒断期间，血浆睾酮浓度降低。这种降低是由于酒精对睾丸的直接作用，因为同时血浆促黄体生成素（LH）浓度升高。酒精对促性腺激素释放激素（LRH）诱导的LH分泌无显著影响。酒精中毒期间血浆生长激素浓度降低，宿醉期间升高。酒精中毒期间促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）诱导的催乳素分泌增加，宿醉和戒断期间则受到抑制。最后这一发现表明，酒精戒断期间下丘脑存在多巴胺能活性亢进。
