Hatfield F M
J Speech Hear Disord. 1981 Nov;46(4):338-47. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4604.338.
This paper surveys the contribution of A. R. Luria to aphasiology, emphasising the unique extent to which he integrated theory and therapeutic practice. The influence exerted by two prominent Russian figures, Pavlov and Vygotskii, is discussed. Luria's view of the primary defects underlying the main forms of aphasia is summarised; this is followed by a brief account of his application of certain notions of structural linguistics, including Jakobson's interpretations of the breakdown of language following brain damage. Examples are given of the wide range of simple tests included in Luria's neuropsychological investigations. The factual part of the article culminates in some examples of his methods of restoring higher cortical functions, in particular, verbal skills. The summary criticises certain aspects of Luria's analysis as being too mechanistic and simplistic, and cites criticisms of details from other workers, but considers many of his insights and the total coherence of his view of cortical functioning and cortical disturbance to be still of the utmost importance for clinicians undertaking aphasia therapy. The need for therapists everywhere to develop language rehabilitation with as systematic a basis as Luria's is stressed.
本文考察了A. R. 卢里亚对失语症学的贡献，着重强调了他将理论与治疗实践独特融合的程度。文中讨论了两位杰出的俄罗斯人物巴甫洛夫和维果茨基所施加的影响。总结了卢里亚对失语症主要形式背后原发性缺陷的看法；随后简要介绍了他对结构语言学某些概念的应用，包括雅各布森对脑损伤后语言功能障碍的解释。文中给出了卢里亚神经心理学研究中所包含的广泛的简单测试示例。文章的事实部分以他恢复高级皮层功能，特别是言语技能的方法示例作为高潮。总结部分批评了卢里亚分析中的某些方面过于机械和简单化，并引用了其他研究者对细节的批评，但认为他的许多见解以及他对皮层功能和皮层紊乱的整体连贯性观点，对于从事失语症治疗的临床医生来说仍然至关重要。强调了各地治疗师都需要像卢里亚那样以系统的基础来开展语言康复治疗。
