Levis D J
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1981 Fall;5(3):355-70. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(81)90030-0.
This paper involves a theoretical attempt to extend O. H. Mowrer's two-factor theory of infrahuman avoidance behavior to the area of human psychopathology, Central to any such theoretical extrapolation is the need to explain why human fears and avoidance behavior manifest such strong resistance to extinction while the abundance of infrahuman findings suggests that the extinction of such behaviors is rapid. The position is advanced that this noted paradox can be resolved both theoretically and empirically by modifying and extending the Solomon and Wynne conservation of anxiety hypothesis to include complex, serial ordered cues. The model presented also provides the rationale for an extinction approach to psychotherapy, referred to as implosive therapy which is briefly described. Supporting data for the model as well as alternative explanations are provided and discussed.
本文涉及一项理论尝试，即将O. H. 莫勒的非人类回避行为双因素理论扩展至人类精神病理学领域。任何此类理论外推的核心在于需要解释为何人类的恐惧和回避行为对消退表现出如此强烈的抵抗力，而大量非人类研究结果表明此类行为的消退是迅速的。本文提出的观点是，通过修改和扩展所罗门和韦恩的焦虑守恒假说来纳入复杂的、有序排列的线索，这一著名的悖论在理论和实证上都可以得到解决。所提出的模型还为一种称为内爆疗法的心理治疗消退方法提供了理论依据，并对其进行了简要描述。文中提供并讨论了该模型的支持数据以及其他解释。
