Degenhardt H, Jungmann H
Med Klin. 1978 Oct 20;73(42):1163-7.
380 athletes in optimal performance were examinated within 10 years between 2 and 13 times (average: 4 times): ECG were taken at rest, during breathing tests and under maximal physical load by ergometry. 88 (23.2%) of them showed arrhythmias, 32 in the same examination different forms of premature beats. All kinds of arrhythmias were seen except atrial flatter, total av-block and paroxysmal tachycardias. Breathing tests provoked most of arrhythmias followed by the recovery after maximal physical load. Follow-up studies and clinical examinations proved that in 86 sportsmen these arrhythmias were not a symptom of heart disease. Only in 2 athletes heart injury could not be excluded. But in nearly 50% extracardial inflammations, like tonsillitis, bronchitis etc., were found. It is discussed that bradycardia and vagotonia of the highly trained sportsmen cause the arrhythmias. This vagotonia is intensified by breathing tests. But arrhythmias found in athletes should cause an examination for other chronical sicknesses.
在10年期间，对380名处于最佳竞技状态的运动员进行了2至13次检查（平均4次）：在静息状态、呼吸测试期间以及通过测力计进行最大体力负荷时采集心电图。其中88人（23.2%）出现心律失常，32人在同一次检查中出现不同形式的早搏。除心房扑动、完全性房室传导阻滞和阵发性心动过速外，各种心律失常均有出现。呼吸测试诱发的心律失常最多，其次是最大体力负荷后的恢复阶段。随访研究和临床检查证明，86名运动员的这些心律失常并非心脏病的症状。只有2名运动员不能排除心脏损伤。但近50%的运动员发现有扁桃体炎、支气管炎等心外炎症。讨论认为，训练有素的运动员的心动过缓和迷走神经张力过高会导致心律失常。呼吸测试会加剧这种迷走神经张力过高。但运动员中发现的心律失常应引发对其他慢性病的检查。
