Smith O L, Davidson S B
Am J Physiol. 1982 Jan;242(1):R109-15. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1982.242.1.R109.
Acute cold exposure of normal rats (4 degrees C for 24 h) increased food intake, reduced plasma glucose and liver glycogen, caused a small increase in plasma free fatty acids, and lowered serum insulin concentration by 50%. In fasted rats, cold raised fatty acid levels twice as high as in fed. In mild diabetes (40 mg/kg streptozotocin iv) cold reduced glucose levels in blood and urine, but in severe diabetes (90 mg/kg) cold aggravated hyperglycemia and ketonuria. Changes in muscle glucose utilization were also studied, after evisceration (functional hepatectomy) of rats from each group. Uptake was calculated from the fall in plasma glucose concentration during the 4-h period after a load of 50% glucose iv. Cold normally increased uptake 67%, but it failed to do so in fasted rats. In diabetic rats, cold enhanced uptake, but only if the disease were mild or insulin controlled. Sensitivity of uptake to insulin was unaffected by cold. The results suggest that shivering thermogenesis, like exercise, can promote glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, if enough insulin is present to prevent excess mobilization of lipid substrates.
正常大鼠急性冷暴露（4℃，24小时）会增加食物摄入量，降低血浆葡萄糖和肝糖原水平，使血浆游离脂肪酸略有增加，并使血清胰岛素浓度降低50%。在禁食大鼠中，寒冷使脂肪酸水平升高的幅度是进食大鼠的两倍。在轻度糖尿病（静脉注射链脲佐菌素40mg/kg）状态下，寒冷会降低血液和尿液中的葡萄糖水平，但在重度糖尿病（静脉注射链脲佐菌素90mg/kg）状态下，寒冷会加重高血糖和酮尿症。还对每组大鼠进行去内脏（功能性肝切除）后，研究了肌肉葡萄糖利用的变化。葡萄糖摄取量是根据静脉注射50%葡萄糖负荷后4小时内血浆葡萄糖浓度的下降来计算的。正常情况下，寒冷会使摄取量增加67%，但在禁食大鼠中则不会。在糖尿病大鼠中，寒冷会增强摄取量，但前提是病情较轻或处于胰岛素控制状态。摄取对胰岛素的敏感性不受寒冷影响。结果表明，如果有足够的胰岛素来防止脂质底物过度动员，寒战产热就像运动一样，可以促进骨骼肌对葡萄糖的摄取。
