Benignus V A
Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1981 Winter;3(4):407-15.
Toluene appears to produce reversible effects upon liver, renal and nervous systems. Its usual route of intake is via respiration. The nervous system appears to be the most sensitive to the effects of toluene. Although there are few studies of toluene's neurotoxicity, some tenuous results can be cited. High level toluene exposures produced incoordination, ataxia, unconsciousness and eventually, death. Lower level acute exposures in man produce dizziness, exhilaration and confusion. Activity level has been inadequately studied. Schedule controlled behaviors have been reported to produce inverted U-shaped concentration-effect curves on response rate measures. Alterations at levels as low as 150 ppm have been reported when appetitive contingencies are used. Very few studies of the nervous system have been performed at levels below 1000 ppm and most of the results were inconclusive. The TLV (threshold limit value) of toluene has been set at 100 ppm for 8 hrs. No exposures on possible groups at special risk, such as perinatal, aged or impaired subjects have been made. Few studies of reversibility of effects in the nervous system have been reported. Much more work is needed before strong conclusions can be drawn.
甲苯似乎会对肝脏、肾脏和神经系统产生可逆性影响。其常见的摄入途径是通过呼吸。神经系统似乎对甲苯的影响最为敏感。尽管关于甲苯神经毒性的研究较少，但仍可列举出一些不太确凿的结果。高浓度接触甲苯会导致运动失调、共济失调、昏迷，最终死亡。人类较低水平的急性接触会产生头晕、兴奋和困惑。对活动水平的研究尚不充分。据报道，在按时间表控制的行为中，反应率测量会产生倒U形的浓度-效应曲线。当采用诱因性意外情况时，据报道在低至150 ppm的水平就会出现变化。在低于1000 ppm的水平上，对神经系统进行的研究极少，且大多数结果尚无定论。甲苯的阈限值（TLV）设定为8小时内100 ppm。尚未对特殊风险人群，如围产期、老年或身体受损的受试者进行接触研究。关于神经系统影响可逆性的研究报道很少。在得出有力结论之前，还需要开展更多工作。
