Siiteri P K, Stites D P
Biol Reprod. 1982 Feb;26(1):1-14. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod26.1.1.
We propose that hormones produced during pregnancy down regulate the local maternal immune response against paternal foreign transplantation antigens present on the fetus and trophoblast, thereby allowing the fetus to elude graft rejection. Progesterone, in concentrations produced locally at the placental maternal interface, is the key hormone in this process. It has demonstrable immunosuppressive properties including: 1) anti-inflammatory and graft-sparing effects when administered locally in animals; 2) inhibition of human and murine lymphocyte activation and the generation of killer T lymphocytes; 3) restriction of human monocyte-macrophage oxygen radical production and oxygen consumption, and 4) effects on cellular ingress into the uterus. Although some of these properties are shared with other sex steroids, and with glucocorticoids, it is the selective high concentration of progesterone in the placenta that affords immunosuppression. Whether these effects require participation of classic hormone receptor mechanisms is uncertain. We do not exclude other progesterone actions such as induction of specific uterine proteins that have essential immunosuppressive actions, especially in early pregnancy. Indeed, our main focus for further research is directed toward uterine rather than systemic effects of progesterone and other hormones.
我们提出，孕期产生的激素会下调母体针对胎儿和滋养层上存在的父源异体移植抗原的局部免疫反应，从而使胎儿避免移植排斥。在胎盘母体界面局部产生的浓度的孕酮是这一过程中的关键激素。它具有明显的免疫抑制特性，包括：1）在动物局部给药时具有抗炎和保护移植的作用；2）抑制人和小鼠淋巴细胞的激活以及杀伤性T淋巴细胞的产生；3）限制人单核细胞-巨噬细胞的氧自由基产生和氧消耗，以及4）对细胞进入子宫的影响。尽管其中一些特性与其他性类固醇以及糖皮质激素共有，但正是胎盘内孕酮的选择性高浓度提供了免疫抑制作用。这些作用是否需要经典激素受体机制的参与尚不确定。我们不排除孕酮的其他作用，例如诱导具有重要免疫抑制作用的特定子宫蛋白，尤其是在妊娠早期。事实上，我们进一步研究的主要重点是孕酮和其他激素对子宫而非全身的影响。
