Fabrikant J I
Yale J Biol Med. 1981 Nov-Dec;54(6):457-69.
The present review provides an understanding of our current knowledge of the carcinogenic effect of low-dose radiation in man, and surveys the epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to nuclear explosions and medical radiation. Discussion centers on the contributions of quantitative epidemiology to present knowledge, the reliability of the dose-incidence data, and those relevant epidemiological studies that provide the most useful information for risk estimation of cancer induction in man. Reference is made to dose-incidence relationships from laboratory animal experiments where they may obtain, for problems and difficulties in extrapolation from data obtained at high doses to low doses, and from animal data to the human situation. The paper describes the methods of application of such epidemiological data for estimation of excess risk of radiation-induced cancer in exposed human populations and discusses the strengths and limitations of epidemiology in guiding radiation protection philosophy and public health policy.
本综述阐述了我们目前对低剂量辐射对人类致癌作用的认识，并对受核爆炸和医疗辐射影响的人群的流行病学研究进行了调查。讨论集中在定量流行病学对现有知识的贡献、剂量-发病率数据的可靠性，以及那些为估计人类癌症诱发风险提供最有用信息的相关流行病学研究。还提及了实验室动物实验中的剂量-发病率关系，包括从高剂量数据外推至低剂量数据以及从动物数据外推至人类情况时所存在的问题和困难。本文描述了应用此类流行病学数据估计受辐射人群中辐射诱发癌症超额风险的方法，并讨论了流行病学在指导辐射防护理念和公共卫生政策方面的优势与局限性。
