Possee R D, Schild G C, Dimmock N J
J Gen Virol. 1982 Feb;58(Pt 2):373-86. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-58-2-373.
Influenza viruses, which had lost up to 99.999% infectivity by incubation with antibody (a) specific for the haemagglutinin (HA) or with monoclonal alpha-HA, attached on to and penetrated chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells to the same extent as non-neutralized virus. Neutralized virus was also uncoated efficiently as shown by the accumulation of virion RNA in the nucleus and virion envelope in the cytoplasm. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion RNA segments recovered from the nucleus or cytoplasm of cells inoculated with neutralized or non-neutralized virus showed that antibody did not potentiate degradation of RNA. However, these RNAs were not expressed since virus-induced proteins were not detected in cells to which neutralized virus had been added. Assay of virion transcriptase of neutralized virus in vitro showed that its activity was reduced up to sevenfold compared with non-neutralized virus, and annealing studies showed that no detectable transcription took place in vivo with neutralized virus. These studies support the conclusion that antibody directed specifically against the HA protein on the outer surface of the influenza virus particle neutralizes infectivity by inactivating virion transcriptase activity and it is suggested that antibody to HA brings about allosteric rearrangements in the HA molecule which are transmitted across the virus envelope to the interior of the particle.
流感病毒与针对血凝素（HA）的特异性抗体（a）或单克隆α - HA孵育后，其感染性损失高达99.999%，但它吸附并穿透鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的程度与未中和的病毒相同。如病毒粒子RNA在细胞核中的积累以及病毒粒子包膜在细胞质中的情况所示，中和后的病毒也能有效地脱壳。对接种了中和或未中和病毒的细胞的细胞核或细胞质中回收的病毒粒子RNA片段进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明，抗体不会增强RNA的降解。然而，由于在添加了中和病毒的细胞中未检测到病毒诱导的蛋白质，这些RNA并未表达。体外对中和病毒的病毒粒子转录酶进行测定表明，与未中和的病毒相比，其活性降低了多达7倍，退火研究表明，中和病毒在体内不会发生可检测到的转录。这些研究支持了以下结论：特异性针对流感病毒粒子外表面HA蛋白的抗体通过使病毒粒子转录酶活性失活来中和感染性，并且有人提出，针对HA的抗体在HA分子中引起变构重排，这种重排通过病毒包膜传递到粒子内部。
