Tarwotjo I, Sommer A, Soegiharto T, Susanto D
Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Mar;35(3):574-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.3.574.
The stated frequency with which 30 Indonesian children with corneal xerophthalmia and age/sex/neighborhood matched controls ordinarily consumed vitamin- and provitamin A-rich foods was compared. Controls were more frequent consumers of eggs (p less than 0.05), fish (p less than 0.05), dark green leafy vegetables (p less than 0.05), carrots (p less than 0.01), and carotene-containing fruits (p less than 0.1). Similar data were collected on 358 children with Bitot's spots and on normal preschool age children in a countrywide survey. Breast-feeding was more common among normals than among cases (p less than 0.001). Normals were also more frequent consumers of mango and papaya during the 2nd and 3rd yr of life (p less than 0.05); and of dark green leafy vegetables and eggs during the 3rd through 6th yr of life (p less than 0.01). In two separate studies, differences in carotene consumption by normals and abnormals were confirmed by differences in their serum carotene levels. Approximately 80% of Indonesian families, with an without xerophthalmic children, consumed dark-green leafy vegetables at least once a day, and 99% at least once a week. Diet therefore appears to be an important factor in the genesis of xerophthalmia in Indonesia despite the availability of suitable provitamin A-rich foods.
比较了30名患有角膜干燥症的印度尼西亚儿童与年龄、性别、邻里匹配的对照组儿童通常食用富含维生素和维生素原A食物的频率。对照组更经常食用鸡蛋（p<0.05）、鱼类（p<0.05）、深绿色叶菜（p<0.05）、胡萝卜（p<0.01）和含胡萝卜素的水果（p<0.1）。在一项全国性调查中，收集了358名患有毕脱斑的儿童和正常学龄前儿童的类似数据。正常儿童母乳喂养的情况比患病儿童更普遍（p<0.001）。正常儿童在生命的第2年和第3年也更经常食用芒果和木瓜（p<0.05）；在生命的第3年至第6年更经常食用深绿色叶菜和鸡蛋（p<0.01）。在两项独立研究中，正常人和异常人血清胡萝卜素水平的差异证实了他们在胡萝卜素摄入量上的差异。大约80%有或没有患干眼症儿童的印度尼西亚家庭每天至少食用一次深绿色叶菜，99%的家庭每周至少食用一次。因此，尽管有合适的富含维生素原A的食物，但饮食似乎是印度尼西亚干眼症发病的一个重要因素。
