Mele L, West K P, Pandji A, Nendrawati H, Tilden R L, Tarwotjo I
Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Institute, Hopkins University, Baltimore.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6):1460-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1460.
Risk factors for xerophthalmia were assessed in 466 subjects [38% with night blindness (XN), 60% with Bitot's spots (X1B), 2% with corneal xerophthalmia (X2 or X3)] under age 6 y and their village-age-sex-matched control subjects during a community trial. Socioeconomic status and hygiene standards were lowest for households of xerophthalmic children and highest for nonstudy households in the trial population, with values for control households lying in between (P less than 0.001 by linear trend). Risk of xerophthalmia increased with less frequent consumption of dark green leaves, yellow fruits, or egg during weaning, adjusted for current intake and present age [odds ratio (OR) = approximately 3.5]. Exclusion of these same foods from the current diet (except for mango and papaya in older children) was associated with a two- to ninefold excess risk of xerophthalmia, adjusted for weaning influences. Xerophthalmic children aged less than 3 y were generally at higher risk of dietary imbalance than were older children. Xerophthalmia is associated with a chronic, infrequent consumption of key vitamin A foods from weaning through early childhood.
在一项社区试验中，对466名6岁以下患有干眼症的受试者[38%患有夜盲症（XN），60%患有毕脱斑（X1B），2%患有角膜干燥症（X2或X3）]及其年龄、性别和所在村庄匹配的对照受试者评估了干眼症的风险因素。干眼症患儿家庭的社会经济地位和卫生标准在试验人群中最低，非研究家庭最高，对照家庭则介于两者之间（线性趋势P<0.001）。在考虑当前摄入量和年龄的情况下，断奶期间深绿叶蔬菜、黄色水果或鸡蛋的食用频率较低会增加患干眼症的风险[优势比（OR）约为3.5]。在考虑断奶影响的情况下，当前饮食中排除这些相同食物（年龄较大儿童的芒果和木瓜除外）与患干眼症的风险高出两到九倍相关。3岁以下的干眼症患儿比年龄较大的儿童通常面临更高的饮食不均衡风险。干眼症与从断奶到幼儿期长期不经常食用关键维生素A食物有关。
