Gustafson L, Nilsson L
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982 Mar;65(3):194-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00840.x.
Fifty-seven patients were studied for differential diagnosis between dementias. Three rating-scales were used for identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PD) and multi-infarct dementia (MID). Their validity was tested against verified diagnoses in 28 patients. The rating-scale of ischemic score consisting of 13 items such as abrupt onset, stepwise progression, fluctuating course, history of strokes and neurological symptoms and signs, identifies patients with MID. This can also be achieved by the two rating-scales for diagnosis of AD (12 items) and PD (9 items), which, however, can also be used for the differentiation between these two dementias. The rating-scale for diagnosis of AD contains clinical features such as early spatial disorientation, apraxia, aphasia, agnosia, logoclonia and increased muscular tension. The rating-scale for PD contains i.a. early loss of insight, early signs of disinhibition, echolalia, mutism and amimia. The results show that the differentiation between the major types of presenile dementia can be achieved by a systematic rating of the clinical features.
对57例患者进行了痴呆症的鉴别诊断研究。使用了三种评定量表来识别阿尔茨海默病（AD）、匹克病（PD）和多发梗死性痴呆（MID）。以28例患者的确诊诊断为对照，检验了这些量表的有效性。由突然起病、阶梯式进展、病情波动、中风病史以及神经症状和体征等13项组成的缺血评分量表可识别MID患者。这也可通过用于诊断AD的12项评定量表和用于诊断PD的9项评定量表来实现，不过这两个量表也可用于这两种痴呆症之间的鉴别。诊断AD的评定量表包含早期空间定向障碍、失用症、失语症、失认症、言语重复和肌张力增加等临床特征。诊断PD的评定量表包括早期洞察力丧失、早期脱抑制体征、模仿言语、缄默症和表情缺乏等。结果表明，通过对临床特征进行系统评定可实现早老性痴呆主要类型之间的鉴别。
