McKirnan D J
Am J Community Psychol. 1978 Jun;6(3):219-38. doi: 10.1007/BF00894352.
This paper examines how alcohol abuse is ""defined'' by the social milieu within which it occurs, according to the three conceptual dimensions of (a) the perceived prospects for change, (b) perceived personal control, and (c) attributions concerning the causes of alcohol problems. Respondents from three socioeconomically different communities made similarity ratings between all possible pairings of 13 stimulus items (78 in all). These items reflected four types of drinker, and the three conceptual dimensions. Multidimensional scalings and an analysis of variance demonstrated substantial community differences, such that the lower socioeconomic status respondents had a more complex and more clearly articulated view of alcohol abuse than did the upper status respondents. Further, these communities differed in their perceptions of the internal or external origins of alcohol problems. Shared features of these communities' view of alcohol abuse included a basic normal vs. problem drinker distinction, as well as a distinction between alcoholics and ex-alcoholics according to the amount of personal control they were seen as having.
本文根据以下三个概念维度，研究了酗酒在其发生的社会环境中是如何被“定义”的：（a）感知到的改变前景；（b）感知到的个人控制；（c）对酗酒问题成因的归因。来自三个社会经济状况不同社区的受访者，对13个刺激项目的所有可能配对进行了相似性评分（总共78对）。这些项目反映了四种饮酒者类型以及上述三个概念维度。多维尺度分析和方差分析表明，不同社区之间存在显著差异，即社会经济地位较低的受访者对酗酒的看法比社会经济地位较高的受访者更为复杂且阐述更为清晰。此外，这些社区对酗酒问题的内在或外在成因的认知也存在差异。这些社区对酗酒看法的共同特征包括基本的正常饮酒者与问题饮酒者的区分，以及根据被认为具有的个人控制程度对酗酒者和戒酒者的区分。
