Lafferty N A, Holden J M, Klein H E
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1980;26(3):159-65. doi: 10.1177/002076408002600302.
This study examined the relationship between three types of norms and chronic alcoholism. Three types of norms-proscriptive, prescriptive, and nonscriptive-were used as categories to investigate the norms of American chronic alcoholics. Five sources of norms were used to investigate the norms of American chronic alcoholics. Five sources of norms were used to identify the reference groups who were perceived as influencing the alcoholics' drinking patterns. The reference groups included co-workers, church, family, friends, and parents. Among 85 American subjects, chronic alcoholism tended to be highest in a proscriptive environment, lower in a prescriptive environment, and lowest in a nonscriptive environment. Proscriptive norms were those which were perceived as stating directly that a person should not drink excessively at all. The sources of the proscriptive norms were analyzed. Church and parents were found to be the perceived sources of proscriptive norms for the chronic alcoholics studied. The data suggest that both parents and church members need to be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation programmes for chronic alcoholics.
本研究考察了三种规范与慢性酒精中毒之间的关系。三种规范——禁止性规范、规定性规范和非规定性规范——被用作类别来调查美国慢性酗酒者的规范。五种规范来源被用于调查美国慢性酗酒者的规范。五种规范来源被用于确定那些被认为会影响酗酒者饮酒模式的参照群体。参照群体包括同事、教会、家人、朋友和父母。在85名美国受试者中，慢性酒精中毒在禁止性环境中往往最为严重，在规定性环境中较低，在非规定性环境中最低。禁止性规范是那些被认为直接表明一个人根本不应过度饮酒的规范。对禁止性规范的来源进行了分析。教会和父母被发现是所研究的慢性酗酒者禁止性规范的感知来源。数据表明，在为慢性酗酒者制定康复计划时，父母和教会成员都需要被考虑在内。
