McKirnan D J
Am J Community Psychol. 1984 Aug;12(4):465-84. doi: 10.1007/BF00896506.
It was hypothesized that the identification of abnormal behavior requires an internal causal attribution for actions that violate shared social norms. It was further hypothesized that socioeconomic status (SES) groups would differ in problem identification, due to differences in their norms and causal attribution biases. Attributions of causality for alcohol use and inferences of an alcohol problem were examined in socioeconomically different communities that differed in their social norms for alcohol consumption. For all respondents problem identification required that alcohol use be attributed to causes internal to the person. However, the lower SES sample was generally biased toward attributing alcohol use to external causes, in contrast to an "internal" bias among higher SES respondents. The latter were also more sensitive to norm violations in their problem identification. These differences led higher SES respondents to more readily identify an alcohol problem.
研究假设认为，识别异常行为需要对违反共同社会规范的行为进行内在因果归因。进一步假设，社会经济地位（SES）群体在问题识别上会存在差异，这是由于他们的规范和因果归因偏差不同。在社会经济状况不同且饮酒社会规范也不同的社区中，研究了饮酒的因果归因以及酒精问题的推断。对于所有受访者而言，识别问题都要求将饮酒归因于个人内在原因。然而，与高社会经济地位受访者的“内在”偏差相反，低社会经济地位样本通常倾向于将饮酒归因于外部原因。后者在问题识别中对违反规范也更为敏感。这些差异使得高社会经济地位受访者更容易识别出酒精问题。
