Hess B, Kaech F
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1982 Feb 20;112(8):272-6.
"Spontaneous" rupture of the oesophagus is rare and happens after a marked rapid rise in intraluminal oesophageal pressure (massive vomiting, asthma etc.). As is known from the literature, forceful swallowing alone may produce spontaneous perforation in the case of damage to the mucosa or muscular layer of the oesophagus. Boerhaave's syndrome associated with rare diffuse idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the lower oesophagus has been described in only three cases in the literature.
食管“自发性”破裂较为罕见，发生于食管腔内压力显著快速升高之后（如大量呕吐、哮喘等）。从文献中可知，在食管黏膜或肌层受损的情况下，仅强力吞咽就可能导致自发性穿孔。与罕见的食管下段弥漫性特发性肌肥厚相关的博雷尔哈夫综合征在文献中仅报道过3例。
