Rossor M N, Garrett N J, Johnson A L, Mountjoy C Q, Roth M, Iversen L L
Brain. 1982 Jun;105(Pt 2):313-30. doi: 10.1093/brain/105.2.313.
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration were measured in 19 cerebral cortical areas and 22 subcortical areas of brains from 26 control and 25 histologically proven cases of Alzheimer's disease. Reduced ChAt activity was observed in all the cortical areas examined in the Alzheimer cases dying before the median age of 79 years. In the Alzheimer cases aged greater than 79 years at death, 7 out of the 9 frontal cortical areas had a normal ChAT activity when compared with controls. Significant reductions in GABA concentrations in the Alzheimer cases were confined to the temporal cortex. Significant reductions in ChAT activity in subcortical areas were confined to 8 of the 22 regions examined. Notably these included the septal nuclei and substantia innominata, the proposed origins of the cholinergic projections to the hippocampus and neocortex, respectively. There were no reductions in GABA concentrations outside the cerebral cortex. Four multi-infarct cases and 6 cases with normal histology were found to have a small reduction in ChAT activity confined to only a few areas. The data are consistent with a predominant loss in Alzheimer's disease of the diffuse cholinergic projection from the brainstem and basal forebrain.
在26例对照者以及25例经组织学证实的阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中，对19个大脑皮质区域和22个皮质下区域的胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）活性及γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）浓度进行了测量。在79岁中位数年龄之前死亡的阿尔茨海默病患者所检查的所有皮质区域中，均观察到ChAT活性降低。在死亡时年龄大于79岁的阿尔茨海默病患者中，与对照组相比，9个额叶皮质区域中有7个区域的ChAT活性正常。阿尔茨海默病患者GABA浓度的显著降低仅限于颞叶皮质。皮质下区域ChAT活性的显著降低仅限于所检查的22个区域中的8个。值得注意的是，这些区域包括隔核和无名质，它们分别是向海马体和新皮质投射胆碱能纤维的假定起源部位。大脑皮质以外的区域GABA浓度没有降低。发现有4例多发梗死病例和6例组织学正常的病例，其ChAT活性仅在少数几个区域有轻微降低。这些数据与阿尔茨海默病中脑干和基底前脑弥漫性胆碱能投射的主要丧失是一致的。
