Massengill J B, Alexander H, Langrana N, Mylod A
J Hand Surg Am. 1982 May;7(3):264-70. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(82)80177-9.
Nine types of internal fixation techniques were tested in 4-point bending using a pig metacarpal model for phalangeal fractures. Levels of bending rigidity and bending moments at failure were determined, and the modes of failure are described. Plate and screw fixation afforded the greatest rigidity, and epiphyseal fractures occurred, leaving intact the test section. Flexible wire loop fixation failed by wire cutting into bone when a square knot was used. Twisted wire unraveled when placed in tension. Depending on the fracture type and the wire placement. Kirschner wires failed either by slipping in the bone, twisting in the bone cortex, or bending at the bone cortex interface. Rigidity varied widely depending on the way in which the wires were employed.
在一个用于指骨骨折的猪掌骨模型上，采用四点弯曲试验对九种内固定技术进行了测试。测定了失效时的弯曲刚度和弯矩水平，并描述了失效模式。钢板螺钉固定提供了最大的刚度，发生了骨骺骨折，测试部位保持完整。当使用方结时，柔性钢丝环固定因钢丝切入骨内而失败。扭绞钢丝在受拉时松开。根据骨折类型和钢丝放置方式的不同，克氏针会因在骨内滑动、在骨皮质内扭转或在骨皮质界面处弯曲而失效。根据钢丝的使用方式不同，刚度差异很大。
