Kilbourne E M, Choi K, Jones T S, Thacker S B
JAMA. 1982 Jun 25;247(24):3332-6.
To identify risk factors associated with heatstroke, a case-control study in St Louis and Kansas City, Mo, was conducted during July and August 1980. Questionnaire data were gathered for 156 persons with heatstroke (severe heat illness with documented hyperthermia) and 462 control subjects matched by age, sex, and neighborhood of residence. A stepwise linear logistic regression procedure was used to identify factors significantly associated with heatstroke. Alcoholism, living on the higher floors of multistory buildings, and using major tranquilizers (phenothiazines, butyrophenones, or thioxanthenes) were factors associated with increased risk. Factors associated with decreased risk were using home air conditioning, spending more time in air-conditioned places, and living in a residence well shaded by trees and shrubs. Being able to care for oneself, characteristically undertaking vigorous physical activity, but reducing such activity during the heat, and taking extra liquid were also associated with decreased risk. Our findings also suggest effective preventive measures. During a heat wave, the greatest attention should be directed toward high-risk groups, and relief efforts should include measures shown to be associated with reduced risk.
为了确定与中暑相关的风险因素，1980年7月和8月在密苏里州圣路易斯和堪萨斯城进行了一项病例对照研究。收集了156名中暑患者（有记录的体温过高的严重热疾病）和462名按年龄、性别和居住社区匹配的对照者的问卷调查数据。采用逐步线性逻辑回归程序来确定与中暑显著相关的因素。酗酒、居住在多层建筑的较高楼层以及使用主要镇静剂（吩噻嗪类、丁酰苯类或硫杂蒽类）是与风险增加相关的因素。与风险降低相关的因素包括使用家用空调、在有空调的地方呆更长时间，以及居住在树木和灌木丛遮蔽良好的住所。能够自理、通常进行剧烈体育活动但在炎热天气期间减少此类活动以及多补充液体也与风险降低相关。我们的研究结果还提示了有效的预防措施。在热浪期间，应将最大注意力指向高危人群，救援工作应包括采取那些已证明与降低风险相关的措施。
