Meisenberg G
Neuropharmacology. 1982 Apr;21(4):309-16. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(82)90093-4.
Neurohypophyseal hormones and related peptides cause behavioural alterations after intracerebroventricular injection in mice. In the present study, these effects, consisting of excessive grooming and scratching, and of escape-directed activity in stressful situations, could easily be distinguished from those of other centrally acting peptides and drugs by means of two different behavioural bioassays. The effects were not antagonized by drugs that block cholinergic or adrenergic receptors, but they were powerfully suppressed by some potent psychotropic agents. Some compounds with strong vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory actions did not mimick or antagonize the behavioural alterations, suggesting that vasoconstriction is not essential for the induction of these effects. A considerable degree of tolerance could be induced and cross-tolerance was observed between different neurohypophyseal hormones. In rats, behavioural alterations caused by oxytocin and vasopressin could be demonstrated as well, but they were by far less pronounced than those observed in mice. For comparison, some data on the behavioural effects of bombesin are included. This peptide caused behavioural alterations similar to those of the neurohypophyseal hormones, but these were apparently mediated by different mechanisms. It is suggested that centrally-released oxytocin and/or vasopressin might be physiologically involved in the regulation of animal behaviour.
神经垂体激素及相关肽在小鼠脑室内注射后会引起行为改变。在本研究中，这些效应，包括过度梳理毛发和抓挠，以及在应激情况下的逃避导向活动，通过两种不同的行为生物测定法能够轻易地与其他中枢作用肽和药物的效应区分开来。这些效应不会被阻断胆碱能或肾上腺素能受体的药物所拮抗，但会被一些强效精神药物强烈抑制。一些具有强烈血管收缩或血管舒张作用的化合物不会模拟或拮抗行为改变，这表明血管收缩对于诱导这些效应并非必不可少。可以诱导出相当程度的耐受性，并且在不同的神经垂体激素之间观察到了交叉耐受性。在大鼠中，也可以证明由催产素和加压素引起的行为改变，但与在小鼠中观察到的相比，这些改变要明显轻得多。为了进行比较，还纳入了一些关于蛙皮素行为效应的数据。这种肽引起的行为改变与神经垂体激素相似，但显然是由不同机制介导的。有人提出，中枢释放的催产素和/或加压素可能在生理上参与动物行为的调节。
