Joe G W, Lehman W, Simpson D D
Am J Public Health. 1982 Jul;72(7):703-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.72.7.703.
Mortality rates were examined among 3,324 Black and White daily opioid drug users for a four-year period following treatment in community-based agencies located across the United States. A total of 179 of these addicts died during this follow-up period, yielding a death rate of 15.2 per 1,000 person-years at risk. When adjusted for age, addict death rates were found to be three to 14 times higher than those in the general US population. Life table analysis was also used to examine these rates in relation to client demographic, background, and treatment variables obtained prospectively, both prior to and during treatment. Age, alcohol use, and criminal history were positively associated with higher death rates. With regard to causes of death, age proved to be the only significant predictor; older addicts (over 30) had the highest percentages of deaths due to "natural" causes, while over three-fourths of the deaths among younger addicts were drug related or involved violence.
在美国各地的社区机构接受治疗后的四年期间，对3324名黑人和白人每日使用阿片类药物的使用者的死亡率进行了调查。在这个随访期内，共有179名成瘾者死亡，风险人群的死亡率为每1000人年15.2人。在调整年龄因素后，发现成瘾者的死亡率比美国普通人群高3至14倍。生命表分析也用于研究这些比率与前瞻性获得的客户人口统计学、背景和治疗变量之间的关系，这些变量在治疗前和治疗期间都有。年龄、饮酒和犯罪史与较高的死亡率呈正相关。关于死亡原因，年龄被证明是唯一重要的预测因素；年龄较大的成瘾者（30岁以上）因“自然”原因死亡的比例最高，而年龄较小的成瘾者中超过四分之三的死亡与药物有关或涉及暴力。
