Shanks R D, Berger P J, Freeman A E, Kelley D H, Dickinson F N
J Dairy Sci. 1982 Apr;65(4):644-52. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82243-1.
Health costs by categories were summarized from 1,999 lactations of 863 cows in three dairy herds. These costs were projected to Dairy Herd Improvement data. Health categories were mammary, reproduction, locomotion, digestion, respiration, other, and total. The largest estimated total health cost of $67.63 was associated with postpartum length (days in milk and dry) greater than 420 days, an average 98 days dry, and milk production greater than 8,250 kg in fourth or later terminal lactations. The smallest estimated total health cost of $22.25 per lactation was associated with production between 5,750 and 6,999 kg in the nonterminal first lactation with postpartum length less than 300 days. For nonterminal first lactations of intermediate length, the estimated total health cost represented 3 to 6% of the value of milk production. First-calf heifers with milk production less than 5,750 kg and postpartum length 300 to 419 days had the least mammary cost. Cows in their fourth or later lactations with postpartum length greater than 420 days and milk production less than 5,750 kg had the highest reproductive cost. Mammary cost increased and reproductive cost decreased with increased days dry. Cows in terminal lactations had $11.38 more total health cost, $4.33 more mammary cost, and $6.31 more reproductive cost than cows in complete nonterminal lactations. Relatively more reproductive than mammary cost occurred in terminal lactations compared to nonterminal lactations. Mammary cost remained the largest component of total health cost. Multiparous cows had more total health, mammary, and reproductive costs than first parity cows. The repeatibility of total health cost was .12 +2- .03.
对三个奶牛场863头奶牛的1999次泌乳的各类健康成本进行了汇总。这些成本被推算至奶牛群改良数据中。健康类别包括乳腺、繁殖、运动、消化、呼吸、其他以及总计。估计最高的总健康成本为67.63美元，与产后时长（泌乳期和干奶期天数）超过420天、平均98天干奶期以及第四胎或后续终生产奶期产奶量超过8250千克相关。估计最低的总健康成本为每次泌乳22.25美元，与非终生产奶期第一胎产奶量在5750至6999千克之间且产后时长少于300天相关。对于中等时长的非终生产奶期第一胎，估计的总健康成本占产奶价值的3%至6%。产奶量少于5750千克且产后时长为300至419天的头胎小母牛乳腺成本最低。第四胎或后续产奶期产后时长超过420天且产奶量少于5750千克的奶牛繁殖成本最高。随着干奶天数增加，乳腺成本增加而繁殖成本降低。终生产奶期的奶牛比完全非终生产奶期的奶牛总健康成本多11.38美元，乳腺成本多4.33美元，繁殖成本多6.31美元。与非终生产奶期相比，终生产奶期的繁殖成本相对高于乳腺成本。乳腺成本仍然是总健康成本的最大组成部分。经产奶牛的总健康、乳腺和繁殖成本比初产奶牛高。总健康成本的重复性为0.12±0.03。
