Kraus J F, Franti C E, Newman B
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1982;8 Suppl 1:65-71.
Mortality rates by geographic areas have been used successfully in the past to identify occupations with a high risk of cancer. The 1975 Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties: 1950-1969 for white males showed that mortality rates in three California counties (Alameda, Sacramento, and San Francisco) were significantly elevated compared to other US counties, and in Sacramento County the lung cancer death rate was significantly high also. This current study was to determine if the excess in the cancer mortality rate found in Sacramento County was possibly related to specific occupational categories. Death certificates for all white males dying of cancer were retrieved, Last occupation, industry, and length of service were coded according to the Index of Industries and Occupations prepared by the US Bureau of the Census. Observed frequencies of cancer deaths were compared to an expected number which was based on US census data by occupation for Sacramento County. Elevated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancer deaths were found for technicians, metal craftsmen, nonfarm laborers, construction workers, and drivers. SMRs were high for cancer of the esophagus, pancreas, respiratory tract, skin, and central nervous system.
过去，按地理区域划分的死亡率已成功用于识别癌症高风险职业。1975年的《美国各县癌症死亡率地图集：1950 - 1969年》针对白人男性的数据显示，加利福尼亚州的三个县（阿拉米达、萨克拉门托和旧金山）的死亡率与美国其他县相比显著升高，而且在萨克拉门托县，肺癌死亡率也显著偏高。本研究旨在确定萨克拉门托县发现的癌症死亡率过高是否可能与特定职业类别有关。检索了所有死于癌症的白人男性的死亡证明，根据美国人口普查局编制的《行业和职业索引》对其最后的职业、行业和服务年限进行编码。将观察到的癌症死亡频率与基于萨克拉门托县按职业划分的美国人口普查数据得出的预期数量进行比较。发现技术人员、金属工匠、非农业劳动者、建筑工人和司机的癌症死亡标准化死亡率（SMR）升高。食管癌、胰腺癌、呼吸道癌、皮肤癌和中枢神经系统癌的SMR较高。
