Green A
Tissue Antigens. 1982 Apr;19(4):245-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01449.x.
The present report describes the basic epidemiological measures and concepts used in association studies, i.e. measures of disease frequency and the concept of risk, together with their internal relationships. Further, the different types of designs for HLA and association studies are reviewed with particular reference to estimation of association strength. It is shown that the odds ratio from a 2 x 2 table estimates the incidence density ratio which again under certain conditions estimates the relative risk, if the study is based on incident (new) cases. However, most HLA and association studies are prevalence-based, which implies that the relative risk and incidence density ratio cannot be estimated unless a series of conditions is fulfilled. Finally, it is stressed that a detailed description of study design and the age classes studied as well as the procedure of case ascertainment should be mandatory before comparisons between and pooling of estimates from different studies are performed.
本报告描述了关联研究中使用的基本流行病学测量方法和概念，即疾病频率测量方法和风险概念，以及它们之间的内在关系。此外，还回顾了HLA和关联研究的不同设计类型，特别提及关联强度的估计。结果表明，如果研究基于新发病例，2×2表格中的比值比可估计发病密度比，而发病密度比在某些条件下又可估计相对风险。然而，大多数HLA和关联研究基于患病率，这意味着除非满足一系列条件，否则无法估计相对风险和发病密度比。最后强调，在对不同研究的估计值进行比较和汇总之前，必须对研究设计、所研究的年龄组以及病例确定程序进行详细描述。
