Green A
Tissue Antigens. 1982 Apr;19(4):259-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01450.x.
It is the aim of the present report to review principles and measures which are fundamental in modern epidemiology and happen to be closely related to expressions used in studies of association between HLA and disease. These measures, the etiologic and the preventive fractions, may easily be estimated from the traditional 2 x 2 table. Furthermore, the practical procedures leading to estimates of the absolute frequency measures for individuals with and without a given HLA factor are presented; these estimates may also be obtained from the 2 x 2 table, supplemented with data on the disease frequency in the general population. The estimation procedures are simple in all the subtypes of the association study design, but especially in prevalence-based association studies some important limitations as to the interpretation and generalization should be kept in mind. A subsequent report will use the measures and principles, outlined here, in order to facilitate an extension of the perspectives of the results and establish a connection between this field of HLA research and clinical and genetic epidemiology.
本报告旨在回顾现代流行病学中的基本原理和措施，这些原理和措施恰好与HLA和疾病关联研究中使用的表述密切相关。这些措施，即病因分数和预防分数，可以很容易地从传统的2×2表中估算出来。此外，还介绍了获得有或没有特定HLA因子个体的绝对频率测量值估计的实际程序；这些估计值也可以从2×2表中获得，并辅以一般人群中疾病频率的数据。在关联研究设计的所有亚型中，估计程序都很简单，但特别是在基于患病率的关联研究中，应牢记一些关于解释和推广的重要局限性。后续报告将使用此处概述的措施和原理，以便拓宽结果的视角，并在HLA研究领域与临床和遗传流行病学之间建立联系。
