Reality orientation: a critical appraisal.

Reality orientation is now extensively used with psychogeriatric patients. The evidence for its effectiveness is reviewed and the underlying philosophy and assumptions are critically examined. Whilst reality orientation does appear to have some effect, the benefits are small and restricted in range. It can be argued that it is not directed at the most appropriate therapeutic goals. Reality orientation should be seen as the starting point for the development of more effective intervention techniques for use with this client population and not as an end in itself.