Schueler D E, Herron W G, Poland H V, Schultz C L
J Clin Psychol. 1982 Jul;38(3):486-9. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198207)38:3<486::aid-jclp2270380304>3.0.co;2-6.
Divided schizophrenics into reactive and process groups (20 males and 20 females in each group) on the basis of three criteria: Premorbid adjustment, role orientation, and paranoid-nonparanoid status. All were administered the Defense Mechanism Inventory, which measures five clusters of defenses. Reactives had significantly higher scores than process patients on Turning against Self and Projection. Process patients had significantly higher scores on Reversal. No significant differences between groups were found on Turning against Object and Principalization, nor were there significant sex differences. The results support the probability of different defensive preferences for the reactive and process syndromes.
根据三个标准将精神分裂症患者分为反应性和过程性两组（每组20名男性和20名女性）：病前适应、角色取向和偏执-非偏执状态。所有患者均接受了防御机制量表测试，该量表测量五类防御机制。在针对自我和投射方面，反应性患者的得分显著高于过程性患者。过程性患者在反转方面的得分显著更高。在针对客体和原则化方面，两组之间未发现显著差异，性别之间也没有显著差异。结果支持了反应性和过程性综合征存在不同防御偏好的可能性。
