Bandura A, Reese L, Adams N E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Jul;43(1):5-21. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.43.1.5.
Two experiments combining intergroup and intrasubject designs were conducted to test the hypothesis that self-percepts of efficacy operate as cognitive mediators of coping behavior and fear arousal. Differential levels of self-efficacy were induced in phobic subjects through either inactive mastery or modeling. Their coping behavior and accompanying fear arousal were then measured. In the next phase, self-efficacy was successively raised to designated levels within the same subjects, whereupon their behavior and fear arousal were again measured. Coping behavior corresponded closely to instated self-percepts of efficacy, with higher levels of perceived self-efficacy being accompanied by greater performance attainments. The efficacy-action relationship was replicated across different modes of efficacy induction, different types of behavioral dysfunctions, and in both intergroup and intrasubject comparisons. The hypothesis that fear arousal stems largely from perceived coping inefficacy also received support from the findings. As subjects' self-efficacy level was raised, they experienced progressively less anticipatory and performance distress while coping with threats. Results of a third experiment using cardiac acceleration and elevation in blood pressure as indicants of arousal further corroborate the generality of the relationship between perceived coping inefficacy and stress reactions.
进行了两项结合组间设计和被试内设计的实验，以检验自我效能感认知作为应对行为和恐惧唤起的认知中介起作用这一假设。通过无实际成效的掌握体验或榜样示范，在恐惧症患者中诱发不同水平的自我效能感。然后测量他们的应对行为及伴随的恐惧唤起。在下一阶段中，在同一批被试中将自我效能感依次提高到指定水平，随后再次测量他们的行为和恐惧唤起。应对行为与所设定的自我效能感认知密切相关，自我效能感水平越高，取得的成绩就越大。效能-行动关系在不同的效能诱发方式、不同类型的行为功能障碍以及组间和被试内比较中均得到了重复验证。恐惧唤起很大程度上源于感知到的应对无能这一假设也得到了研究结果的支持。随着被试自我效能感水平的提高，他们在应对威胁时所体验到的预期痛苦和表现痛苦逐渐减少。第三个实验以心率加快和血压升高作为唤起指标，其结果进一步证实了感知到的应对无能与应激反应之间关系的普遍性。
